| PLD设计方法及步骤 |
| 类别:电子综合 |
|                    1.电路逻辑功能描述 PLD器件的逻辑功能描述一般分为原理图描述和硬件描述语言描述,原理图描述是一种直观简便的方法,它可以将现有的小规模集成电路实现的功能直接用PLD器件来实现,而不必去将现有的电路用语言来描述,但电路图描述方法无法做到简练;硬件描述语言描述是可编程器件设计的另一种描述方法,语言描述可能精确和简练地表示电路的逻辑功能,现在在PLD的设计过程中广泛使用,并且有更加浒的趋势,常用的硬件描述语言有ABEL,VHDL语言等,其中ABEL是一种简单的硬件描述语言,其支持布尔方程、真值表、状态机等逻辑描述,适用于计数器、译码器、运算电路、比较器等逻辑功能的描述;VHDL语言是一种行为描述语言,其编程结构类似于计算机中的C语言,在描述复杂逻辑设计时,非常简洁,具有很强的逻辑描述和仿真能力,是未来硬件设计语言的主流。 2.计算机软件的编程及模拟 不管是用硬件描述语言描述的逻辑还是用原理图描述的逻辑,必须通过计算机软件对其进行编译,将其描述转换为经过化简的布尔代数表达式(即通常的最简与或表达式),编译软件再根据器件的特点将表达式适配进具体的器件,最终形成PLD器件的熔断丝文件(通常叫做JEDEC文件,简称为JED文件)。通常在将用户设计的逻辑下载到具体器件中前,为了检查设计的结果是否正确,通常可以通过计算机软件进行模拟,检查其设计结果是不否与设计要求相符。 GAL编程,一般可以使用ABEL语言编程,ABEL的语法基本上是由一组逻辑表达式进行叙述,一片GAL能帮我完成什么功能呢?或者说能改      变成什么样的芯片呢?对GAL来说,由于内部的逻辑电路(门)比较少,一般只能完成一些简单的逻辑转换、简单的计数器(位数少)、锁存器      等。一般简单来讲,GAL的可用输入比输出多,如果想用他做地址译码器是比较合适的,在单片机的应用中,往往需要用几个不同的门电路组      合或加上138之类的3-8译码器组合,译出几个特定地址,这才是GAL的专长,可以在一个芯片内完成,使得你的电路简洁,而且输入输出在不      违背基本约定的前提下可以随意调换,使得布板走线容易。先看看下面的一个例子:      有时候我需要两组不同的互不关联的逻辑电路,我们也可以用一个GAL完成,只要引脚和内部宏单元够用,例如下面我设计了一个LED七      段码的译码器,还有IO富裕,则我可以利用多余的IO设计一个简单的地址译码电路,下面的程序是为了使一般的七段码LED数码管显示多几个      特殊字符,使用了5条输入数据线,多余的IO我们独立的制作了一个任意逻辑电路:module BCD7 similar to the 7449      " f| g |b      " --- 笔段定义      " e| d |c      " ---      bcd7 device 'P16V8R'; bcd = [D4,D3,D2,D1,D0];      led = [a,b,c,d,e,f,g]; " 共阳结构数码管           @dcset      truth_table ( bcd -> [ a , b , c , d , e , f , g ])      0 -> [ ON, ON, ON, ON, ON, ON, OFF]; "0      1 -> [OFF, ON, ON, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF]; "1      2 -> [ ON, ON, OFF, ON, ON, OFF, ON]; "2      3 -> [ ON, ON, ON, ON, OFF, OFF, ON]; "3      4 -> [OFF, ON, ON, OFF, OFF, ON, ON]; "4      5 -> [ ON, OFF, ON, ON, OFF, ON, ON]; "5      6 -> [ ON, OFF, ON, ON, ON, ON, ON]; "6      7 -> [ ON, ON, ON, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF]; "7      8 -> [ ON, ON, ON, ON, ON, ON, ON]; "8      9 -> [ ON, ON, ON, ON, OFF, ON, ON]; "9      10 -> [ ON, ON, ON, OFF, ON, ON, ON]; "A      11 -> [OFF, OFF, ON, ON, ON, ON, ON]; "b      12 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, ON, ON, OFF, ON]; "c      13 -> [OFF, ON, ON, ON, ON, OFF, ON]; "d      14 -> [ ON, OFF, OFF, ON, ON, ON, ON]; "E      15 -> [ ON, OFF, OFF, OFF, ON, ON, ON]; "F      16 -> [OFF, ON, ON, OFF, ON, ON, ON]; "H      17 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      18 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      19 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      20 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      21 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      22 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      23 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      24 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      25 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      26 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      27 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      28 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      29 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      30 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      31 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];truth_table ( [OI2 , OI1, OI0] -> [ OOC ]) "多余IO制作一个门电路      [ 0, 0, 0] -> [ 1 ]; "这个逻辑关系可以随意设定      [ 1, 0, 0] -> [ 0 ];      [ 0, 1, 0] -> [ 0 ];      [ 0, 0, 1] -> [ 0 ];      [ 1, 1, 0] -> [ 0 ];      [ 1, 0, 1] -> [ 0 ];      [ 0, 1, 1] -> [ 0 ];      [ 1, 1, 1] -> [ 1 ];"校对部分      test_vectors ( bcd -> [ a , b , c , d , e , f , g ])      0 -> [ ON, ON, ON, ON, ON, ON, OFF]; "0      1 -> [OFF, ON, ON, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF]; "1      2 -> [ ON, ON, OFF, ON, ON, OFF, ON]; "2      3 -> [ ON, ON, ON, ON, OFF, OFF, ON]; "3      4 -> [OFF, ON, ON, OFF, OFF, ON, ON]; "4      5 -> [ ON, OFF, ON, ON, OFF, ON, ON]; "5      6 -> [ ON, OFF, ON, ON, ON, ON, ON]; "6      7 -> [ ON, ON, ON, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF]; "7      8 -> [ ON, ON, ON, ON, ON, ON, ON]; "8      9 -> [ ON, ON, ON, ON, OFF, ON, ON]; "9      10 -> [ ON, ON, ON, OFF, ON, ON, ON]; "A      11 -> [OFF, OFF, ON, ON, ON, ON, ON]; "b      12 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, ON, ON, OFF, ON]; "c      13 -> [OFF, ON, ON, ON, ON, OFF, ON]; "d      14 -> [ ON, OFF, OFF, ON, ON, ON, ON]; "E      15 -> [ ON, OFF, OFF, OFF, ON, ON, ON]; "F      16 -> [OFF, ON, ON, OFF, ON, ON, ON]; "H      17 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      18 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      19 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      20 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      21 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      22 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      23 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      24 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      25 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      26 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      27 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      28 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      29 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      30 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      31 -> [OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF];      "附加逻辑电路校对      test_vectors ( [OI2 , OI1, OI0] -> [ OOC ])      [ 0, 0, 0] -> [ 1 ];      [ 1, 0, 0] -> [ 0 ];      [ 0, 1, 0] -> [ 0 ];      [ 0, 0, 1] -> [ 0 ];      [ 1, 1, 0] -> [ 0 ];      [ 1, 0, 1] -> [ 0 ];      [ 0, 1, 1] -> [ 0 ];      [ 1, 1, 1] -> [ 1 ];      end BCD7      以上这个例程都是用abel3编译的,GAL编程并不很复杂,作为一般应用,如果想动手的可以到本站下载ABEL3软件。有关这个软件的安装使用方法,请阅读解压后的READ.ME。安装ABEL3。      ABEL-HDL基本逻辑运算符号           |
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