EL9110
differential signal and maintain the amplifier within its
common mode operating range.
Applications Information
Logic Control
This operation may not always be desirable. A problem
occurs because the EL9110 sinks or sources a common
mode current though its input pins to create the common
mode offset voltage. Assuming the system has been set up
so that the differential line has a well-balanced impedance,
then a problem will only occur when the common mode
impedance to ground is not low. This will occur in systems
where the inputs to the EL9110 are AC coupled. In such
systems it is recommended that the common mode
extension be disabled. In systems where the differential
input signal is directly coupled and has its common mode
level defined by a low impedance line driver, the common
mode extension circuitry can extend the total common mode
range by 2V - 3V.
The EL9110 has three logical input pins, Chip Enable
(ENBL), Common Mode Extend (CMEXT), and Switch Gain
(X2). The logic circuits all have a nominal threshold of 1.1V
above the potential of the logic reference pin. In most
applications it is expected that this chip will run from a +5V,
0V, -5V supply system with logic being run between 0V and
+5V. In this case the logic reference voltage should be tied to
the 0V supply. If the logic is referenced to the -5V rail, then
the logic reference should be connected to -5V. The logic
reference pin sources about 60µA and this will rise to about
200µA if all inputs are true (positive).
The logic inputs all source up to 10µA when they are held at
the logic reference level. When taken positive, the inputs
sink a current dependent on the high level, up to 50µA for a
high level 5V above the reference level.
Equalizing
When transmitting a signal across a twisted pair cable, it is
found that the high frequency (above 1MHz) information is
attenuated more significantly than the information at low
frequencies. The attenuation is predominantly due to
resistive skin effect losses and has a loss curve which
depends on the resistivity of the conductor, surface condition
of the wire and the wire diameter. For the range of high
performance twisted pair cables based on 24awg copper
wire (Cat 5 etc.) these parameters vary only a little between
cable types, and in general cables exhibit the same
frequency dependence of loss. (The lower loss cables can
be compared with somewhat longer lengths of their more
lossy brothers.) This enables a single equalizing law
equation to be built into the EL9110.
The logic inputs, if not used, should be tied to the
appropriate voltage in order to define their state.
Control Reference and Signal Reference
Analog control voltages are required to set the equalizer and
contrast levels. These signals are voltages in the range 0V -
1V, which are referenced to the control reference pin. It is
expected that the control reference pin will be tied to 0V and
the control voltage will vary from 0V to 1V. It is; however,
acceptable to connect the control reference to any potential
between -5V and 0V to which the control voltages are
referenced.
The control voltage pins themselves are high impedance.
The control reference pin will source between 0µA and
200µA depending on the control voltages being applied.
With a control voltage applied between pins 2 and 1, the
frequency dependence of the equalization is shown in
Figure 8. The equalization matches the cable loss up to
about 100MHz. Above this, system gain is rolled off rapidly
to reduce noise bandwidth. The roll-off occurs more rapidly
for higher control voltages, thus the system (cable +
equalizer) bandwidth reduces as the cable length increases.
This is desirable, as noise becomes an increasing issue as
the equalization increases.
The control reference and logic reference effectively remove
the necessity for the 0V rail and operation from ±5V (or 0V
and 10V) only is possible. However we still need a further
reference to define the 0V level of the single ended output
signal. The reference for the output signal is provided by the
0V pin. The output stage cannot pull fully up or down to
either supply so it is important that the reference is
positioned to allow full output swing. The 0V reference
should be tied to a 'quiet ground' as any noise on this pin is
transferred directly to the output. The 0V pin is a high
impedance pin and draws dc bias currents of a few µA and
similar levels of AC current.
The cable loss for 100m, 200m, and 300m of CAT 5 cable,
based on manufacturer's loss curves is shown in Figure 13.
Thus:
• 100m requires V = 0.2V
C
Common Mode Extension
• 200m requires V = 0.6V
C
The common mode extension circuitry extends the range of
input common mode voltage before the input differential
amplifier is overloaded. It does this by reducing the voltage
equally at both inputs of the first differential amplifier as the
common mode signal rises towards the supply. Similarly,
when the common mode input signal goes low, the inputs to
the first differential amplifier are raised whilst preserving the
and:
• 300m requires V = 1.0V approximately
C
Contrast
By varying the voltage between pins 7 and 1, the gain of the
signal path can be changed in the ratio 4:1. The gain change
varies almost linearly with control voltage. For normal
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