AD7538
For zero offset adjustment, the DAC register is loaded with all
0s and amplifier offset (VOS) adjusted so that VOUT is 0 V. Ad-
justing VOUT to 0 V is not necessary in many applications, but it
Table II. Bipolar Code Table for O ffset Binary Circuit of
Figure 5.
is recommended that VOS be no greater than (25 × 10–6) (VREF
)
Binary Num ber In
D AC Register
Analog O utput VO UT
to maintain specified DAC accuracy (see Applications Hints).
MSB
LSB
Full-scale trimming is accomplished by loading the DAC register
with all 1s and adjusting R1 so that VOUTA = –VIN (16383/16384).
For high temperature operation, resistors and potentiometers
should have a low T emperature Coefficient. In many applica-
tions, because of the excellent Gain T .C. and Gain Error speci-
fications of the AD7538, Gain Error trimming is not necessary.
In fixed reference applications, full scale can also be adjusted
by omitting R1 and R2 and trimming the reference voltage
magnitude.
8191
+VIN
11 1111 1111 1111
8192
1
+VIN
10 0000 0000 0001
10 0000 0000 0000
01 1111 1111 1111
8192
0 V
BIP O LAR O P ERATIO N
(4-Q UAD RANT MULTIP LICATIO N)
T he recommended circuit diagram for bipolar operation is
shown in Figure 5. Offset binary coding is used. T he code table
for Figure 5 is given in T able II.
1
–VIN
8192
8191
–VIN
00 0000 0000 0000
8192
With the DAC loaded to 10 0000 0000 0000, adjust R1 for
VO = 0 V. Alternatively, one can omit R1 and R2 and adjust the
ratio of R5 and R6 for VO = 0 V. Full-scale trimming can be
accomplished by adjusting the amplitude of VIN or by varying
the value of R7.
VSS should be tied to a voltage of approximately –0.3 V as in
Figures 4 and 5. A simple resistor divider (R3, R4) produces ap-
proximately –300 mV from –15 V. T he capacitor C2 in parallel
with R3 is an integral part of the low leakage configuration and
must be 4.7 µF or greater. Figure 6 is a plot of leakage current
versus temperature for both conditions. It clearly shows the im-
provement gained by using the low leakage configuration.
T he values given for R1, R2 are the minimum necessary to cali-
brate the system for resistors, R5, R6, R7 ratio matched to 0.1%.
System linearity error is independent of resistor ratio matching
and is affected by DAC linearity error only.
When operating over a wide temperature range, it is important
that the resistors be of the same type so that their temperature
coefficients match.
For further information sec “CMOS DAC Application Guide”,
3rd Edition, Publication Number G872b-8-1/89 available from
Analog Devices.
Figure 6. Graph of Typical Leakage Current vs.
Tem perature for AD7538
P RO GRAMMABLE GAIN AMP LIFIER
T he circuit shown in Figure 7 provides a programmable gain
amplifier (PGA). In it the DAC behaves as a programmable
resistance and thus allows the circuit gain to be digitally
controlled.
Figure 5. Bipolar Operation
LO W LEAKAGE CO NFIGURATIO N
For CMOS Multiplying D/A converters, as the device is oper-
ated at higher temperatures, the output leakage current in-
creases. For a 14-bit resolution system, this can be a significant
source of error. T he AD7538 features a leakage reduction con-
figuration (U.S. Patent No. 4,590,456) to keep the leakage cur-
rent low over an extended temperature range. One may operate
the device with or without this configuration. If VSS (Pin 24) is
tied to AGND then the DAC will exhibit normal output leakage
current at high temperatures. T o use the low leakage facility,
Figure 7. Program m able Gain Am plifier (PGA)
–6–
REV. A