High-Voltage, Micropower, Single/Dual Linear
Regulators with Supervisory Functions
preregulated input of the power supply (such as a bat-
tery) or providing an early power-fail warning so soft-
ware can conduct an orderly system shutdown. Set the
power-fail threshold with a resistive-divider, as shown in
Figure 5. The typical comparator delay is 35µs from PFI
to PFO. Connect PFI to GND or IN if unused.
Watchdog Timer
The MAX6791–MAX6796 include a watchdog timer
that asserts RESET if the watchdog input (WDI) does
not toggle high to low or low to high within the watch-
dog timeout period t
(280ms min or externally
WD
adjustable). RESET remains low for the fixed or user-
adjustable reset timeout period, t . If the watchdog is
RP
Reverse-Battery Protection Circuitry
The MAX6791–MAX6796 include an overvoltage pro-
tection circuit that is capable of driving a p-channel
MOSFET to protect against reverse-battery conditions.
This MOSFET eliminates the need for external diodes,
thus minimizing the input voltage drop. See the Typical
Application Circuit. The low p-channel MOSFET on-
resistance of 30mΩ or less yields a forward-voltage
drop of only a few millivolts versus hundreds of milli-
volts for a diode, thus improving efficiency in battery-
operated devices. Connecting a positive battery
voltage to the drain of Q1 (see the Typical Application
Circuit) forward biases its body diode. When the source
voltage exceeds Q1’s threshold voltage, Q1 turns on.
Once the FET is on, the battery is fully connected to the
system and can deliver power to the device and the
load. An incorrectly inserted battery reverse-biases the
FET’s body diode. The gate remains at the ground
potential. The FET remains off and disconnects the
reversed battery from the system. The internal zener
diode and resistor combination at GATEP prevent dam-
age to the p-channel MOSFET during an overvoltage
condition. See the Functional Diagrams.
not updated for lengthy periods of time, the reset out-
put appears as a pulse train, asserted for t
,
RP
deasserted for t , until WDI is toggled again. Once
WD
RESET asserts, it stays low for the entire reset timeout
period ignoring any WDI transitions that may occur. To
prevent the watchdog from asserting RESET, toggle
WDI with a valid rising or falling edge before t
from
WD
the last edge. The watchdog counter clears when WDI
toggles prior to t
from the last edge or when RESET
WD
asserts. The watchdog resumes counting after RESET
deasserts.
The MAX6791/MAX6792 have a windowed watchdog
timer that asserts RESET for the adjusted reset timeout
period when the watchdog recognizes a fast watchdog
fault (t
WD2
< t
), or a slow watchdog fault (t
>
WDI
WDI
WD1
t
). The reset timeout period is adjusted indepen-
dently of the watchdog timeout period.
Enable and Hold Inputs
The MAX6791–MAX6796 support two logic inputs,
ENABLE1/ENABLE and HOLD, making these devices
suitable for automotive applications. For example, when
the ignition key signal drives ENABLE1/ENABLE high,
the regulator turns on and remains on even if
ENABLE1/ENABLE goes low, as long as HOLD is forced
low and stays low after initial regulator power-up. In this
state, releasing HOLD turns the regulator output
(OUT/OUT1) off. This feature makes it possible to imple-
ment a self-holding circuit without external components.
Forcing ENABLE1/ENABLE low and HOLD high or
unconnected places the MAX6791–MAX6796 into shut-
down mode in which the MAX6791–MAX6796 draw less
than 27µA of supply current.
Thermal Protection
When the junction temperature exceeds T = +165°C,
J
the internal protection circuit turns off the internal pass
transistor and allows the IC to cool. The thermal sensor
turns the pass transistor on again after the junction tem-
perature drops to +145°C, resulting in a cycled output
during continuous thermal-overload conditions.
Thermal protection protects the MAX6791–MAX6796 in
the event of fault conditions. For continuous operation,
do not exceed the absolute maximum junction temper-
ature rating of +150°C.
Table 3 shows the state of the regulator output with
respect to the voltage level at ENABLE1/ENABLE and
HOLD. Connect HOLD to OUT1/OUT or leave it uncon-
nected to allow the ENABLE1/ENABLE input to act as a
standard ON/OFF switch for the regulator output
(OUT/OUT1).
Proper Soldering of Package Heatsink
The MAX6791–MAX6796 package features an exposed
thermal pad on its underside that should be used as a
heatsink. This pad lowers the package’s thermal resis-
tance by providing a direct heat-conduction path from
the die to the PC board. Connect the exposed pad and
GND to the system ground using a large pad or ground
plane, or multiple vias to the ground plane layer.
Power-Fail Comparator
PFI is the noninverting input to a comparator. If PFI is
less than V
(1.231V), PFO goes low. Common uses
PFI
for the power-fail comparator include monitoring the
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