100µA, and the maximum quiescent current over temperature
is just 135µA. The quiescent current typically changes less
than 2µA over the entire supply range, as shown in Figure 3.
THEORY OF OPERATION
The REF31xx is a family of series, CMOS, precision bandgap
voltage references. The basic bandgap topology is shown in
Figure 1. Transistors Q1 and Q2 are biased such that the
current density of Q1 is greater than that of Q2. The difference
of the two base-emitter voltages, Vbe1 – Vbe2, has a positive
temperature coefficient and is forced across resistor R1. This
voltage is gained up and added to the base-emitter voltage
of Q2, which has a negative temperature coefficient. The
resulting output voltage is virtually independent of temperature.
QUIESCENT CURRENT vs POWER SUPPLY
100.5
100.0
99.5
99.0
98.5
98.0
VBANDGAP
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
5.5
Power Supply (V)
R1
+
+
Vbe1 Vbe2
–
–
FIGURE 3. Supply Current vs Supply Voltage.
Q1
I
N Q2
Supply voltages below the specified levels can cause the
REF31xx to momentarily draw currents greater than the
typical quiescent current. This can be prevented by using a
power supply with a fast rising edge and low output impedance.
FIGURE 1. Simplified Schematic of Bandgap Reference.
THERMAL HYSTERESIS
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Thermal hysteresis for the REF31xx is defined as the change
in output voltage after operating the device at 25°C, cycling
the device through the specified temperature range, and
returning to 25°C. It can be expressed as:
The REF31xx does not require a load capacitor and is stable
with any capacitive load. Figure 2 shows typical connections
required for operation of the REF31xx. A supply bypass
capacitor of 0.47µF is recommended.
absVPRE – VPOST
VHYST
=
• 106 ppm
(
)
VNOM
Where: VHYST = Thermal hysteresis
VIN
1
VPRE = Output voltage measured at 25°C pre-
temperature cycling
0.47µF
3
REF31xx
VPOST = Output voltage measured after the device
has been cycled through the specified temperature
range of –40°C to +125°C and returned to 25°C.
VOUT
2
TEMPERATURE DRIFT
FIGURE 2. Typical Connections for Operating REF31xx.
The REF31xx is designed to exhibit minimal drift error, defined
as the change in output voltage over varying temperature. The
drift is calculated using the “box” method which is described by
the following equation:
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
The REF31xx family of references features an extremely low
dropout voltage. With the exception of the REF3112, which
has a minimum supply requirement of 1.8V, these references
can be operated with a supply of only 5mV above the output
voltage in an unloaded condition. For loaded conditions, a
typical dropout voltage versus load is shown in the typical
curves.
VOUTMAX – VOUTMIN
•106ppm
VOUT • TemperatureRange
The REF31xx features a typical drift coefficient of 5ppm from
0°C to 70°C—the primary temperature range for many
applications. For the industrial temperature range of –40°C to
125°C, the REF31xx family drift increases to a typical value of
10ppm.
The REF31xx features a low quiescent current, which is
extremely stable over changes in both temperature and
supply. The typical room temperature quiescent current is
REF3112, 3120, 3125, 3130, 3133, 3140
7
SBVS046C
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