UCC2813-0-Q1, UCC2813-1-Q1, UCC2813-2-Q1, UCC2813-3-Q1
UCC2813-4-Q1, UCC2813-5-Q1
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SGLS245E –MAY 2020–REVISED MAY 2020
9.2.2.7 REF Bypass Capacitor
The precision 5-V reference voltage at REF is designed to perform several important functions. The reference
voltage is divided down internally to 2.5 V and connected to the error amplifier’s noninverting input for accurate
output voltage regulation. Other duties of the reference voltage are to set internal bias currents and thresholds for
functions such as the oscillator upper and lower thresholds along with the overcurrent limiting threshold.
Therefore, the reference voltage must be bypassed with a ceramic capacitor (CVREF), and 1-µF, 16-V ceramic
capacitor was selected for this converter. Placement of this capacitor on the physical printed-circuit board layout
must be as close as possible to the respective REF and GND pins.
9.2.2.8 RT and CT
The internal oscillator uses a timing capacitor (CT) and a timing resistor (RT) to program operating frequency and
maximum duty cycle. The operating frequency can be programmed based the curves in Figure 3, where the
timing resistor can be found once the timing capacitor is selected. The selection of timing capacitor also affects
the maximum duty cycle provided in Figure 5. It is best for the timing capacitor to have a flat temperature
coefficient, typical of most COG or NPO type capacitors. For this converter, 1000 pF and 13.6 kΩ were selected
for CT and RT to operate at 110-kHz switching frequency.
9.2.2.9 Start-Up Circuit
At start-up, the device gets its power directly from the high voltage bulk, through a high-voltage resistor RH. The
selection of start-up resistor is the tradeoff between power loss and start-up time. The current flowing through RH
at minimum input voltage must be higher than the VCC current under UVLO condition (0.2 mA at its maximum
value). A 300-kΩ resistor is chosen as the result of the tradeoff.
After VCC is charged up above the UVLO turnon threshold, UCC2813-0-Q1 starts to operate and consumes full
operating current. At the beginning, because the output voltage is low, VCC cannot get energy from the auxiliary
winding. The VCC capacitor is required to hold enough energy to prevent its voltage drop below UVLO during the
start-up time, until the output reaches high enough. A larger capacitor holds more energy but slows down the
start-up time. In this design, a 120-µF capacitor is chosen to provide enough energy for the start-up purpose.
9.2.2.10 Voltage Feedback Compensation Procedure
Feedback compensation, also called closed-loop control, reduces or eliminates steady-state output voltage error,
reduces the sensitivity to parametric changes, changes the gain or phase of a system over some desired
frequency range, reduces the effects of small-signal load disturbances and noise on system performance, and
creates a stable system. This section describes how to compensate an isolated Flyback converter with the peak-
current-mode control.
9.2.2.10.1 Power Stage Gain, Zeroes, and Poles
The first step in compensating a fixed-frequency flyback is to verify if the converter operates in continuous
conduction mode (CCM) or discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). If the primary inductance (LP) is greater than
the inductance for DCM-CCM boundary mode operation, called the critical inductance (LPcrit), then the converter
operates in CCM. LPcrit is calculated with Equation 17.
æ
ç
è
ö2
ROUT ´NP2S
V
IN
LPcrit
=
´
÷
2´ fSW
VIN + VOUT ´NPS
ø
(17)
For loads greater than 10% of PMAX over the entire input voltage range, the selected primary inductance has
value larger than the critical inductance. Therefore, the converter operates in CCM and the compensation loop
requires design based on CCM flyback equations.
The current-to-voltage conversion is done externally with the ground-referenced current-sense resistor (RCS) and
the internal resistor divider sets up the internal current-sense gain, ACS = 1.65. The device technology allows
tight control of the resistor-divider ratio, regardless of the actual resistor value variations.
The DC open-loop gain (GO) of the fixed-frequency voltage control loop of a peak-current-mode control CCM
flyback converter shown in Figure 33 is approximated by first using the output load (ROUT), the primary to
secondary turns ratio (NPS), and the maximum duty cycle (D) as shown in Equation 18.
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