W180
input. The output frequency is then equal to the ratio of P/Q
times the reference frequency. (Note: For the W180 the output
frequency is equal to the input frequency.) The unique feature
of the Spread Spectrum Frequency Timing Generator is that a
modulating waveform is superimposed at the input to the VCO.
This causes the VCO output to be slowly swept across a
predetermined frequency band.
Overview
The W180 products are one series of devices in the Cypress
PREMIS family. The PREMIS family incorporates the latest
advances in PLL spread spectrum frequency synthesizer
techniques. By frequency modulating the output with a
low-frequency carrier, peak EMI is greatly reduced. Use of this
technology allows systems to pass increasingly difficult EMI
testing without resorting to costly shielding or redesign.
Because the modulating frequency is typically 1000 times
slower than the fundamental clock, the spread spectrum
process has little impact on system performance.
In a system, not only is EMI reduced in the various clock lines,
but also in all signals which are synchronized to the clock.
Therefore, the benefits of using this technology increase with
the number of address and data lines in the system. The
Simplified Block Diagram on page 1 shows a simple imple-
mentation.
Frequency Selection With SSFTG
In Spread Spectrum Frequency Timing Generation, EMI
reduction depends on the shape, modulation percentage, and
frequency of the modulating waveform. While the shape and
frequency of the modulating waveform are fixed for a given
frequency, the modulation percentage may be varied.
Functional Description
Using frequency select bits (FS2:1 pins), the frequency range
can be set (see Table 2). Spreading percentage is set with pin
SS% as shown in Table 1.
The W180 uses a phase-locked loop (PLL) to frequency
modulate an input clock. The result is an output clock whose
frequency is slowly swept over a narrow band near the input
signal. The basic circuit topology is shown in Figure 1. The
input reference signal is divided by Q and fed to the phase
detector. A signal from the VCO is divided by P and fed back
to the phase detector also. The PLL will force the frequency of
the VCO output signal to change until the divided output signal
and the divided reference signal match at the phase detector
A larger spreading percentage improves EMI reduction.
However, large spread percentages may either exceed
system maximum frequency ratings or lower the average
frequency to a point where performance is affected. For these
reasons, spreading percentages options are provided.
V
DD
Clock Input
CLKOUT
Freq.
Divider
Q
Phase
Detector
Charge
Pump
Post
Dividers
Reference Input
(EMI suppressed)
Σ
VCO
Modulating
Waveform
Feedback
Divider
P
PLL
GND
Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram
Document #: 38-07156 Rev. *B
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