ZL38065
Data Sheet
reduced by a factor of 2
Slow
relative to normal convergence for non-zero values of Slow. If Slow equals zero,
adaptation is halted completely.
In the G.168 standard, the echo return loss is expected to be at least 6 dB. This implies that the Double-Talk
Detector Threshold (DTDT) should be set to 0.5 (-6 dB). However, in order to achieve additional guardband, the
DTDT is set internally to 0.5625 (-5 dB).
In some applications the return loss can be higher or lower than 6 dB. The ZL38065 allows the user to change the
detection threshold to suit each application’s need. This threshold can be set by writing the desired threshold value
into the DTDT register.
The DTDT register is 16 bits wide. The register value in hexadecimal can be calculated with the following equation:
DTDT
(hex)
= hex(DTDT
(dec)
* 32768)
where 0 < DTDT
(dec)
< 1
Example:For DTDT = 0.5625 (-5 dB), the
hexadecimal value becomes
hex(
0.5625 * 32768
)
= 4800
hex
1.3
Path Change Detector
Integrated into the ZL38065 is a Path Change Detector. This permits fast reconvergence when a major change
occurs in the echo channel. Subtle changes in the echo channel are also tracked automatically once convergence
is achieved, but at a much slower speed.
The Path Change Detector is activated by setting the PathDet bit in Control Register 3 to “1”. An optional path
clearing feature can be enabled by setting the PathClr bit in Control Register 3 to “1”. With path clearing turned on,
the existing echo channel estimate will also be cleared (i.e. the adaptive filter will be filled with zeroes) upon
detection of a major path change.
1.4
Non-Linear Processor (NLP)
After echo cancellation, there is always a small amount of residual echo which may still be audible. The ZL38065
uses
Zarlink’s patented Advanced NLP
to remove residual echo signals which have a level lower than the
Adaptive Suppression Threshold (TSUP in G.168). This threshold depends upon the level of the Rin (Lrin)
reference signal as well as the programmed value of the Non-Linear Processor Threshold register (NLPTHR).
TSUP can be calculated by the following equation:
TSUP = Lrin + 20log
10
(NLPTHR)
where NLPTHR is the Non-Linear Processor Threshold register value and Lrin is the relative power level expressed
in dBm0. The NLPTHR register is 16 bits wide. The register value in hexadecimal can be calculated with the
following equation:
NLPTHR
(hex)
= hex(NLPTHR
(dec)
* 32768)
where 0 < NLPTHR
(dec)
< 1
When the level of residual error signal falls below TSUP, the NLP is activated further attenuating the residual signal
by an additional 30 dB. To prevent a perceived decrease in background noise due to the activation of the NLP, a
spectrally-shaped comfort noise, equivalent in power level to the background noise, is injected. This keeps the
perceived noise level constant. Consequently, the user does not hear the activation and de-activation of the NLP.
The NLP processor can be disabled by setting the NLPDis bit to “1” in Control Register 2.
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