CACR-SR05AD1KRY101
日期：2019-1-12
大气环境及机组状况对风侧换热器表面结霜的影响，以及结霜对机组性能产生的影响是一种多维、非线性的关系。采用模糊控制的原理进行除霜控制，将判别翅片管表面结霜状况的参数分为外界条件对结霜的影响和结霜对机组性能的影响两类，对输入量进行模糊化，模糊推量，综合判断是否需要除霜，并在除霜的过程中通过对系统响应的分析，判断上一个除霜信号的发出是否正确，在此基础上调整除霜控制规则，用自调整模糊控制的方法实现智能除霜控制，将使除霜控制方式得到本质的改进。
变频技术的使用。以小型风冷式冷热水机组为冷热源的小型中央空调系统在运行中遇到的一个问题是变工况调节问题，当室内仅有一部分末端装置工作时，主机需进行能量调节。对于几台压缩机工作的系统，可通过开停机的方法来进行能量调节，但调节能力也受到限制，对于单台压缩机的系统，则缺乏能量调节能力。解决以上问题最好的方法是采用变频压缩机，这样可根据用户的需要，调节机组的制冷量或制热量。变频压缩机系统除可实现较宽范围的能量调节，还有低电压起动、节能、除霜性能好等特点，但变频压缩机的使用应结合电子膨胀阀的应用，采用调速风机并配以相应的控制方法，才能充分发挥其优势。
电压矢量控制电压矢量控制是变频器根据转矩电流和定子阻抗，自动修正压频特性，以补偿定子内阻压降。一般，小容量变频器的补偿值是根据定子阻抗和激磁电流来计算；大中容量变频器的补偿则根据定子阻抗和功率因数值来计算。这些参数可以人工输入设定，也可设定为变频器自动测量。
在现场，建议采用变频器自动测量。由于电机温升对定子电阻有影响，测量最好在启动时进行。采用电压矢量控制，电机在1Hz时即可输出150%的额定转矩。变频器的加速时间是指输出频率从零上升到工作频率的时间，也就是电机从启动、加速到设定转速的时间，它可以由下式计算：tqg=GD2ng375式中：MD为电机加速力矩Me，Me为额定转矩，MJ为负载的静态阻转矩将tqg折算到从零升到额定转速ned的时间。tqetqe=nedngtqg变频器的启动时间应设定，而且应考虑到如果计算出的tqe值过小，变频器会因过电流而启动保护电路，使设备停止工作。
减速时间是指频率由50Hz降为0Hz时所需要的时间，即电机由额定转速降至零转速所需要的时间。可由下式计算：tzg=GD2ng375式中：Mz为电机制动力矩，Me将tzg折算为从额定转速ned降至零需要的时间tzetze=nedngtzg变频器的制动时间设定应比tze长，否则易出现直流制动过压保护。在配料生产过程中，还应考虑加减速时间、配料精度对变速给料设备的要求，在上式计算的时间范围内现场调节，确保既缩短配料时间，又不影响配料精度。
变频器在实际应用中，要考虑与电动机要求的转速变化范围相匹配的问题，特别在超速和低速运行时应十分关注。为加快生产节奏，要求电机在超过额定转速条件下运行。通用电机的超速性为120%，额定转速2分钟，因此变频器驱动通用电机的最大允许频率为62Hz，超过额定转速，电机会出现以下问题：转子及附属部件强度下降；铁损及机械损耗增加，电机温度升高；噪声及振动增大。对于两极电机，在工频下，转速已较高，不宜超过50Hz运行。
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漳州鼎晟达自动化设备有限公司
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