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SBOS365A − JUNE 2006 − REVISED JULY 2006
ACHIEVING AN OUTPUT LEVEL OF
ZERO VOLTS (0V)
V+ = +5V
Certain single-supply applications require the op amp
output to swing from 0V to a positive full-scale voltage
and have high accuracy. An example is an op amp
employed to drive a single-supply ADC having an input
range from 0V to +5V. Rail-to-rail output amplifiers with
very light output loading may achieve an output level
OPA365
VOUT
VIN
µ
500 A
Ω
RP = 10k
Op Amps
Negative
Supply
within millivolts of 0V (or +V at the high end), but not
S
0V. Furthermore, the deviation from 0V only becomes
greater as the load current required increases. This in-
creased deviation is a result of limitations of the CMOS
output stage.
−
−
V = 5V
(Additional
Negative Supply)
Grounded
When a pull-down resistor is connected from the ampli-
fier output to a negative voltage source, the OPA365
can achieve an output level of 0V, and even a few milli-
volts below 0V. Below this limit, nonlinearity and limiting
conditions become evident. Figure 7 illustrates a circuit
using this technique.
Figure 7. Swing-to-Ground
R3
Ω
549
A pull-down current of approximately 500µA is required
C2
150pF
when OPA365 is connected as a unity-gain buffer.
A practical termination voltage (V
) is −5V, but
NEG
other convenient negative voltages also may be
used. The pull-down resistor R is calculated from
V+
L
R1
R2
1.24k
R = [(V −V )/(500µA)]. Using a minimum output
L
O
NEG
Ω
Ω
549
voltage (V ) of 0V, R = [0V−(−5V)]/(500µA)] = 10kΩ.
O
L
VIN
Keep in mind that lower termination voltages result in
smaller pull-down resistors that load the output during
positive output voltage excursions.
OPA365
VOUT
C1
1nF
−
V
Note that this technique does not work with all op amps
and should only be applied to op amps such as the
OPA365 that have been specifically designed to oper-
ate in this manner. Also, operating the OPA365 output
at 0V changes the output stage operating conditions,
resulting in somewhat lower open-loop gain and band-
width. Keep these precautions in mind when driving a
capacitive load because these conditions can affect cir-
cuit transient response and stability.
Figure 8. Second-Order Butterworth 500kHz
Low-Pass Filter
ACTIVE FILTERING
The OPA365 is well-suited for active filter applications
requiring a wide bandwidth, fast slew rate, low-noise,
single-supply operational amplifier. Figure 8 shows a
500kHz, 2nd-order, low-pass filter utilizing the multiple−
feedback (MFB) topology. The components have been
selected to provide a maximally-flat Butterworth
response. Beyond the cutoff frequency, roll-off is
−40dB/dec. The Butterworth response is ideal for ap-
plications requiring predictable gain characteristics
such as the anti-aliasing filter used ahead of an ADC.
10