OKX
T/10 & T/16-D12 Series
Adjustable DOSA 10/16-Amp SIP DC/DC Converters
APPLICATION NOTES
Input Fusing
Certain applications and/or safety agencies may require fuses at the inputs of
power conversion components. Fuses should also be used when there is the
possibility of sustained input voltage reversal which is not current-limited. We
recommend a time delay fuse installed in the ungrounded input supply line
with a value which is approximately twice the maximum line current, calcu-
lated at the lowest input voltage. Please refer to the Specifications.
The installer must observe all relevant safety standards and regulations. For
safety agency approvals, install the converter in compliance with the end-user
safety standard, i.e. IEC/EN/UL 60950-1.
Input Under-Voltage Shutdown and Start-Up Threshold
Under normal start-up conditions, converters will not begin to regulate properly
until the ramping-up input voltage exceeds and remains at the Start-Up
Threshold Voltage (see Specifications). Once operating, converters will not
turn off until the input voltage drops below the Under-Voltage Shutdown Limit.
Subsequent restart will not occur until the input voltage rises again above the
Start-Up Threshold. This built-in hysteresis prevents any unstable on/off opera-
tion at a single input voltage.
Users should be aware however of input sources near the Under-Voltage
Shutdown whose voltage decays as input current is consumed (such as poorly
regulated capacitor inputs), the converter shuts off and then restarts as the
external capacitor recharges. Such situations could oscillate. To prevent this,
make sure the operating input voltage is well above the UV Shutdown voltage
AT ALL TIMES.
Start-Up Time
Assuming that the output current is set at the rated maximum, the Vin to Vout
Start-Up Time (see Specifications) is the time interval between the point when
the ramping input voltage crosses the Start-Up Threshold and the fully loaded
regulated output voltage enters and remains within its specified accuracy band.
Actual measured times will vary with input source impedance, external input
capacitance, input voltage slew rate and final value of the input voltage as it
appears at the converter.
These converters include a soft start circuit to moderate the duty cycle of its
PWM controller at power up, thereby limiting the input inrush current.
The On/Off Remote Control interval from On command to Vout regulated
assumes that the converter already has its input voltage stabilized above the
Start-Up Threshold before the On command. The interval is measured from the
On command until the output enters and remains within its specified accuracy
band. The specification assumes that the output is fully loaded at maximum
rated current. Similar conditions apply to the On to Vout regulated specification
such as external load capacitance and soft start circuitry.
Input Source Impedance
These converters will operate to specifications without external components,
assuming that the source voltage has very low impedance and reasonable
input voltage regulation. Since real-world voltage sources have finite imped-
ance, performance is improved by adding external filter components. Some-
times only a small ceramic capacitor is sufficient. Since it is difficult to totally
characterize all applications, some experimentation may be needed. Note that
external input capacitors must accept high speed AC switching currents.
Because of the switching nature of DC/DC converters, the input of these
converters must be driven from a source with both low AC impedance and
adequate DC input regulation. Performance will degrade with increasing input
inductance. Excessive input inductance may inhibit operation. The DC input
regulation specifies that the input voltage, once operating, must never degrade
below the Shut-Down Threshold under all load conditions. Be sure to use
adequate trace sizes and mount components close to the converter.
I/O Filtering, Input Ripple Current and Output Noise
All models in this converter series are tested and specified for input reflected
ripple current and output noise using designated external input/output compo-
nents, circuits and layout as shown in the figures below. External input capaci-
tors (Cin in the figure) serve primarily as energy storage elements, minimizing
line voltage variations caused by transient IR drops in the input conductors.
Users should select input capacitors for bulk capacitance (at appropriate
frequencies), low ESR and high RMS ripple current ratings. In the figure below,
the Cbus and Lbus components simulate a typical DC voltage bus. Your specific
system configuration may require additional considerations. Please note that
the values of Cin, Lbus and Cbus may vary according to the specific converter
model.
TO
OSCILLOSCOPE
CURRENT
PROBE
+INPUT
+
–
+
–
L
BUS
C
BUS
C
IN
V
IN
-INPUT
C
IN
= 2 x 100μF, ESR < 700mΩ @ 100kHz
C
BUS
= 1000μF, ESR < 100mΩ @ 100kHz
L
BUS
= 1μH
Figure 2: Measuring Input Ripple Current
In critical applications, output ripple and noise (also referred to as periodic
and random deviations or PARD) may be reduced by adding filter elements
such as multiple external capacitors. Be sure to calculate component tempera-
ture rise from reflected AC current dissipated inside capacitor ESR.
+SENSE
+OUTPUT
COPPER STRIP
C1
C2
SCOPE
R
LOAD
-OUTPUT
COPPER STRIP
C1 = 0.1μF CERAMIC
C2 = 10μF TANTALUM
LOAD 2-3 INCHES (51-76mm) FROM MODULE
Figure 3: Measuring Output Ripple and Noise (PARD)
www.murata-ps.com
Technical enquiries
email: sales@murata-ps.com, tel:
+1 508 339 3000
MDC_MDC_OKX2_T10T16.A03
Page 6 of 15
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